The texts for the book Roland's European
Paths have been written by twelve experts in history, sociology,
literature and law from different European countries. In order to
further illustrate the European component of this book, all the
texts have been translated into Croatian, English, German, French
and Italian. The book is illustrated by photographs of landscapes
through which the real Roland - Orlando moved, as well as all the
extant Roland columns from Riga to Dubrovnik.
ROLAND / ORLANDO – A EUROPEAN HERO
Roland is believed to have been the nephew of the famous emperor
Charlemagne and to have died a heroic death on 15th August 778 in
Roncesvalles, a gorge in the Pyrenees. Pilgrims on their way to
one of the most important European centres of pilgrimage, Santiago
de Compostela, spread the oral tradition about the fearless knight
throughout Europe. Several centuries after his death, Roland became
the hero of one of the most famous medieval epics, the Song of Roland,
that inspired numerous writers and story-tellers throughout Europe.
In Italy, due to the linguistic particularities of the Apennine
Peninsula, Roland becomes Orlando.
As one of the most faithful of Charlemagne's knights, over the centuries
Roland was in Germany assigned the role of keeper of the imperial
rights by which the power of the feudal lords was restricted. First
Roland's columns as symbols of protection and the guarantee of imperial
rights appeared in the first half of the 14th century precisely
in German towns. As a model for those columns, master-builders used
paintings and statues of Roland from French churches, as in his
native France in that period the knight was honoured among the common
people as a saint that had died a martyr's death. The oldest preserved
column was erected in 1404 in Bremen.
One of the stops on Roland's European 'journey' was Dubrovnik, which
has taken over the Italian version of the knight's name. Orlando's
column was put up in Dubrovnik as early as 1419. As a symbol of
freedom and state independence, he was granted a central position
in the public life of the Republic of Dubrovnik. Orlando is a symbol
of freedom even today, and on top of his column during the Dubrovnik
Summer Festival, a flag waves proudly wearing the inscription LIBERTAS.
After the recent enlargement of the European Union, the Dubrovnik
Orlando is the only one that has remained outside its borders.
Europe House Dubrovnik,
through its multimedia project Roland's European Paths, is linking
up various aspects of reverence for Roland throughout Europe from
8th to 21st century, with the aim of pointing out in a new way the
importance of Dubrovnik in the common history of Europe.
For further information you may contact Europe House Dubrovnik
(telephone 00385-20-488621, e-mail: info@edd.hr
).
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